Tooth decay Niho pirau
The tooth decay process can be painless and occur over a long period of time. Decay can occur in any part of the tooth, even in exposed root surfaces or around and under existing fillings. Sometimes decay can only be detected by an x-ray, particularly in the early stages.
Causes of tooth decay
Common causes of tooth decay include:
- not brushing your teeth properly
- not using a fluoride toothpaste
- not cleaning well between your teeth
- eating or drinking things with a lot of sugar in them often.
Signs and symptoms of tooth decay
Signs and symptoms of tooth decay include:
- teeth which are often covered in food debris or plaque
- holes in teeth
- broken teeth
- brown or discoloured teeth
- tooth sensitivity to hot, cold or sweet food or drinks
- difficulty chewing or eating
- toothache
- bad breath
- swelling in the face or jaw area.
If you have any of these symptoms, make an appointment to see your dentist.
Preventing tooth decay
You can avoid many dental problems by looking after your teeth and gums. This includes everyone from pēpi to older people. The best ways to prevent tooth decay are:
- brush your teeth every day, both morning and night
- brush your teeth with a soft toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste
- after brushing your teeth, swish and spit but do not rinse
- avoid sugary foods and drinks between meals – give your mouth a break
- drink water or milk between meals.
Brushing and flossing
A regular routine of brushing and flossing is essential for good oral health.
Brushing helps to remove the sticky film of bacteria called plaque. Use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste.
You should change your toothbrush at least every 3 months.
You should clean between your teeth with dental floss or an interdental brush once a day.
Mouthwash is sometimes useful, but try to avoid using it after brushing your teeth. Rinsing after brushing washes the fluoride toothpaste away from your teeth.
Fluoride
Fluoride is a natural substance that helps protect our teeth. It does this by reducing tooth decay and erosion. It exists naturally in air, soil, fresh water, sea water, plants and in lots of food.
Fluoride works by:
- making teeth more resistant to decay by strengthening the tooth surface
- interfering with the growth of the bacteria that cause cavities
- helping to repair the early stages of tooth decay.
Fluoride toothpaste is an effective method of reducing dental decay.
Sugar and tooth decay
Bacteria in your mouth turn sugary foods and drinks into acid. This can damage your teeth.
Read about how to reduce your sugar intake: